Is Estonia e-Residency legal for non-residents?
Yes. Estonia e-Residency is a legal digital identity program that allows non-residents to establish and manage an Estonian company remotely. It does not grant tax residency, citizenship, or physical residence rights by itself.
How much does it cost to register an Estonian company online?
A lean remote-first setup usually starts with the e-Residency application fee and the Estonian company registration fee, then grows depending on your provider, legal address, contact person, and accounting stack.
Why do digital founders compare Estonia with Spain, France, and Italy?
Because Estonia usually wins on remote setup, digital signatures, operator choice, and tax efficiency on retained earnings, while Spain, France, and Italy often involve more in-person bureaucracy and heavier ongoing friction.
Does Estonia really offer 0% corporate tax?
Estonia does not charge corporate income tax on retained and reinvested profits. Tax is generally triggered when profits are distributed, which is why Estonia is attractive for founders who want to reinvest cash into growth.
Which e-Residency service provider is best?
That depends on your operating style. 1Office is stronger on human support and service-led setup, while Companio is useful when you want a broader digital compliance stack with a lower entry point.
Does e-Residency make me an Estonian tax resident or eliminate tax risk abroad?
No. e-Residency is not the same as personal tax residency, and it does not automatically remove tax exposure in the country where you actually live or manage the business. If your Estonian company is effectively managed abroad, local permanent establishment or dual-residence rules may still apply.
